As mentioned in the Overview, Blake's trees--and their highly
useful symbolism--frequently aid in the understanding of the passage or work in which they
occur. As illustrations, they draw upon a rich background of meanings and interpretations
to produce sly, almost hidden suggestions upon the significance of the text itself or
elements of the illustrations.
For the reader, the trees serve another purpose;
put pluntly, they
exist as an oasis of safety.
Like the birch,
which often acts as a protective guardian, their relatively recognizable imagery helps the
reader, shields him from the rather painful impact of difficult-to-interpret poetry. After all,
one
can always cling to a tree when floods of images and abrupt shifts from 'person' to 'person'
threaten to lose contact with anything resembling understanding.
Perhaps the tree, as a symbol and as an
addition to his own new mythology, assisted
Blake in a similar manner.
Singer suggests that
the "fear of being taken over by the unconscious may be countered by the act of objectification.
Blake performed this by writing down what he heard and drawing pictures of what he saw. The
visions then became manageable creations of his own mind. He never became completely overwhelmed
by the terrors of the unconscious, although he was certainly endangered at times. Before he
leaned over to look into the Abyss, he made sure that his foot was securely fixed in the root
of an oak. The oak may be interpreted as the standpoint of the observing ego, supporting the visionary
experience which is brought about by the concentration of 'The Mental Traveller.' Blake
retained his perspective of the material world while also participating in the experience of
the inner vision" (245). Though the tree is but one example of the creative process suggested
and described by Singer, its presence does serve as a sort of compass, guiding the way
to the beginnings of interpretation or understanding.
Admittedly, the tree is certainly not the most important nor even the most striking component of
Blake's illustrations or written works, but it should still exact a certain amount of
acclaim for its
constant and lucrative reituration. As a recurring symbol, it
provides a multitude of possibilities; each different tree
suggests its own separate tradition or relevant mythology. Even the meanings for one tree
can change or shift
from poem to poem; Blake's willows, for example, can represent either sorrow or joy, two
emotions
that one would not expect to be embodied by the same object. Yet they are. Similarly, the
apple tree
can represent either good knowledge or bad, purity or sin, life or death. And so the tree, if
not the most obvious of Blake's symbols, is certainly one of the best employed. Its duality
of meaning adds to Blake's complexity, while also providing a relatively stable
branch from which to peer out into a new creative universe. It serves as a
representative for Blake himself, for his creative genius.
It is impossible to drain the intricacy of meaning from
any of his poems, impossible to transform a maze of meaning, mythology and possible interpretations
into one single "It means this!" Not likely. It is equally unfeasable to shrink Blake's trees
to fit within one necessarily limited definition.
Ultimately, they embody and
bring to fruition a multiplicity of symbols, images, ideas and designs. A real, physical
tree has many branches; so too do the symbolic trees Blake created
to abet and to depict his poetic visions.